3 Home Visit

Now that you have set your target participant sample and completed all the steps listed in the recruitment process, these instructions will help you prepare for your participant home visit.

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At the end of every home visit (for each participant), you will upload the following:

1. exactly 4 videos (to your Databrary repository)
     - One-hour naturalistic play (include: decibel measure, shoes if child is wearing them in the house)
     - House walk-through (include: measurements of each room, sleeping arrangements, clothing, books, toys, shoes if child is barefoot)
     - 5-min structured play (focus on child and mom, even if they leave mat area)
     - Questionnaires (set up camera on tripod, focus on mom)
2. exactly 1 decibel meter file (to your Databrary repository)
3. exactly 3 questionnaire files (through the KoBo Toolbox app)
     - demographics questionnaire
     - home visit questionnaire
     - post-visit notes
   

3.1 Arrival introduction

Note: Experimenters should always act in a professional and respectful manner when interacting with the participants and while in the home. Do not make comments or react to anything in front of the mom to make her feel uncomfortable. All families should feel that their participation in the study is meaningful.

Say: Hi, my name is [NAME] and I’m visiting from [INSTITUTION]. Thanks for letting us come to your home today!
    Hola, mi nombre es [NAME] y vengo de [INSTITUTION]. ¡Gracias por recibirnos hoy en su hogar!

• Ask if you should take your shoes off.
• Ask for good place (i.e. out of child’s reach) to put backpack and coat.
• Do not leave the tripod and other equipment lying around.
• Do not engage or warm up to the baby. Just need to make mom feel comfortable.

3.2 Consent to participate

Experimenter should explain the study and ask mom to sign the consent.

Say: The visit has a few parts. I’ll begin by video-recording you and [CHILD] as you go about your day. I will video-record you both for one hour. Afterwards, I’ll ask you to give me a walk-through of your home that I will record on video to get a sense of the places [CHILD] goes and things that he/she plays with. I’ll also be measuring the dimensions of each room. Then, I will ask you and [CHILD] to play with some toys that I brought with me. Finally, I will ask you some general questions about your family and home, and about [CHILD]’s skills and routines. Everything will be video-recorded and the visit will last for no more than three hours. You will receive $50 for your participation at the end. Do you have any questions? Okay, great. Here is the consent form that explains everything I just said. Please read it through and then print and sign your name on the back.
    Esta visita tiene varias partes. Comenzaré grabándolos a usted y [CHILD] por una hora, mientras realizan sus actividades cotidianas. Después, le pediré que me dé un recorrido por su hogar mientras grabo los espacios, para tener una idea de los lugares donde él/ella va y las cosas con las que juega. También mediré las dimensiones de cada cuarto. Luego, les pediré a usted y a [CHILD] que jueguen con unos juguetes que traje conmigo. Finalmente, le haré algunas preguntas generales acerca de su familia y su hogar, y sobre las habilidades y rutinas de [CHILD]. Todo será grabado en video y la visita no durará más de 3 horas. Por participar usted recibirá $50 al final de la visita. ¿Tiene alguna pregunta? ¡Muy bien! Aquí tiene el formulario de consentimiento que explica todo lo que le he dicho. Por favor léalo y luego en el reverso escriba su nombre y firme.

3.3 One-hour natural play video & noise measurement

3.3.1 Decibel Meter

Say: We would like to measure the environmental noise levels. Is there a good place where I can put this measuring device where your child cannot reach? The tablet only measures the environmental noise levels and not what you’re actually saying.
    Queremos medir los niveles de ruido ambiental. ¿Hay algún lugar donde pueda colocar este dispositivo donde su hijo/a no lo pueda alcanzar? La tableta solo mide el ruido ambiental y no lo que usted está diciendo.

• Set up tablet, put in microphone.
• Ensure that “Audio Tool” is force closed.
• Place device in the most central place in the home (e.g., living room).
• The microphone should be facing towards the room (e.g., away from walls) and propped up on the tablet case so that it is not lying flat against the surface of the space.
  
  

3.3.2 One-Hour Natural Play Video

General Recording Guidelines

• Aim to get 60 minutes of uninterrupted natural play recoding, in addition to the time you take to give instructions, record the decibel meter and shoes.
• Keep camera on the child at all times. Specifically, ensure that the child’s whole body is visible on camera. If mom is in frame, capture as much of her body as possible without compromising the view of the child.
• Record in front or to the side of the child as much as possible.
• Do not zoom in.
• Always try to stay toward the edge of rooms and doorways. You do not want to influence child to interact with you, or get in child’s way.
• Remain at as far a distance as possible (~3 to 5 m, hugging the wall) so that the child is not distracted by your presence.
• Try not to interact with the child or make eye contact with the child. Just watch through the viewfinder of the camera.
• If mom asks to pause the camera, ask for permission to point the camera away so you can continue recording audio.

Say: So I’m going to start recording now.
    Voy a empezar a grabar ahora.

One hour natural play - view of experimenter

Begin recording and say: For the next hour, do anything you would typically do as if I weren’t here. Try to ignore me as much as possible and I will stay out of the way. I will also try not to respond to you and [CHILD] so that he/she is not distracted. You can go anywhere in your home but we just ask you to remain indoors. You can play together or not, you can do chores, watch TV, talk on the phone, give him/her a bath or snack. The idea is to capture what your typical day is like. And as a reminder, I’m just here to record so you will be in charge of [CHILD]’s safety.
    En la próxima hora, haga cualquier cosa que usted haría típicamente si yo no estuviera aquí. Intente ignorarme lo más posible y yo me mantendré fuera de su camino. También intentaré no responderle a usted o a [CHILD] para no distraerlo/la. Puede ir a cualquier lugar en su hogar, solo pedimos que se mantenga adentro. Pueden jugar juntos o no, puede hacer los quehaceres, ver televisión, hablar por teléfono, darle un baño o una merienda a [CHILD]. La idea es capturar su día típico. Le recuerdo que solo estoy aquí para grabar y usted está a cargo de la seguridad de [CHILD].

3.4 Video House Walk-through while measuring rooms

Start recording and say: Now, we would like to see the space that [CHILD] gets to explore throughout the day. Please walk me through your home as I follow with a camera, and take measurements of the spaces. As we walk around, please show me where you keep any objects — toys, books, sippy cups, anything like that — that [CHILD] might interact with regularly. Please show me where you keep his/her clothes and shoes to give us an idea of the kinds of things he/she wears.
    Ahora nos gustaría ver el espacio que [CHILD] tiene para explorar durante el día. Por favor guíeme por su hogar mientras la sigo con una cámara y tomo medidas de los espacios. Mientras recorremos su hogar, por favor muéstreme donde guarda cualquier objeto- juguetes, libros, vasitos, cualquiera de las cosas con que [CHILD] interactúa regularmente. Por favor muéstreme donde guarda la ropa y los zapatos de él/ella para tener una idea de las cosas que él/ella viste.

House walkthrough - Spanish

Ensure that all of experimenter’s personal items, recording equipment, yoga mat and toys for structured play are stored out of sight.

Video capture tips:

• Watch recording through viewfinder to ensure that the view is not blurry or shaky
  
• Move the camera slowly and walk slowly
  
• A clear and steady view, free of blurriness and shakiness, is necessary for detailed coding of the home environment
• The laser measure device does not work against reflective surfaces (mirrors, glass walls, etc), so point to a non-reflective surface or measure from the reflective surface towards the opposite direction.

About room measurements:

• You will measure all rooms in the house while you do the video walkthrough
  
• A room is any space used by someone on a regular basis - bedrooms, kitchens, bathrooms, basements - they don’t need to have windows
  
• A room has to have a clear demarcation (e.g., a wall or an entry). A space is considered to be a room if it has a minimum of 3 walls.
• If the room has a short divider (e.g., when a kitchen and a living room are divided by a counter), count as one big room and measure accordingly.

Steps:

1. Start at the entrance of the home.
2. Pause at the entrance of each room.
3. Audibly name the room by its function (e.g., This is where [CHILD] sleeps).
4. First, get as much of the Entire Room in frame as possible. Keep the camera zoomed out and make sure to capture the ceiling and the floor of the room.
5. Next, pan the camera SLOWLY from Left to Right.
6. Then, pan the camera to Floor, name the different types of surfaces in the space (hardwood, plush carpet, thin rug, linoleum, tile, etc.), and then pan to the Ceiling.
7. Ask parent if child spends time in each room: Does [CHILD] spend any time in this room?¿[CHILD] pasa algo de tiempo en este cuarto?
8. Ask parent about child’s objects in the room: Do you keep anything for [CHILD] in this room? (If yes) Would you mind showing me?¿Guarda algo para [CHILD] en este cuarto? (If yes) ¿Me lo puede mostarar por favor?
9. Ensure during the house walkthrough that the parent provides information on all of the following:
   • Children’s Sleeping Arrangements. Please show me where [CHILD] typically sleeps.Por favor muéstreme donde [CHILD] duerme típicamente.
   • Child’s Clothes. Please show me where you keep [CHILD]’s clothes.Por favor muéstreme donde guarda la ropa de [CHILD].
   • Child’s Shoes. Please show me where you keep [CHILD]’s shoes.Por favor muéstreme donde guarda los zapatos de [CHILD].
   • Child’s Books. Please show me where you keep [CHILD]’s books.Por favor muéstreme donde guarda los libros de [CHILD].
   • Child’s Toys. Please show me where you keep [CHILD]’s toys.Por favor muéstreme donde guarda los juguetes de [CHILD].
10. Film the Location of the storage space (drawer, toy chest, cabinet) in clear context of the rest of the room. Then, SLOWLY and CLEARLY film the Contents of the storage space to show what is inside of it, zooming in if needed. (Overhead view for bed, crib, drawers, toy chest, etc.; Zoomed in side view for cabinet, closet, bookshelf, etc.)
11. Hold the camera in one hand while you take measurements of the room using the other.
    
    • Turn measure on by pressing ON/DIST button. Make sure the laser beam is visible.
      
    • Measure wall to wall, lengthwise and widthwise.
      
    • If a room has an odd or asymmetrical shape (i.e., any shape other than a rectangle or a square), measure the largest rectangle or square area of the room.
      
    • Place the base of the laser flat on the wall, push ON/DIST againt to send the beam across the room (avoid moldings, door castings, reflective surfaces)
      
    • Repeat the above for the second dimension (length or width)
      
    • Focus camera on laser measure for each measure and read numbers out loud with units (e.g. eight point five feet)
      
12. Do ** NOT ** turn off the camera when walking to next room.
13. Walk SLOWLY.
14. When all rooms are recorded, walk back to the entrance of the home and then stop recording.
    
    

FAQs about House Walk-through

3.5 Five-minute Structured Mother-Child Play

Structured Play - Spanish

Say: Now I would like you to play with your child for about 5 minutes with these toys. We always clean these toys before and after each visit. I have a mat that I’m going to ask you to sit on. Where’s a good place for me to put it?
    Ahora le pediré que por favor juegue con su hijo/a durante unos 5 minutos con estos juguetes. Siempre limpiamos los juguetes antes y después de cada visita. Tengo una estera/alfombra en la cual le voy a pedir que se siente. ¿Dónde es un buen lugar para ponerla?

Place the mat on a clearing on the floor.

Start recording and say: Please sit next to [CHILD] on this mat. I’ll give you a set of toys. Please play with [CHILD] however you like for 5 minutes.
    Por favor siéntese al lado de [CHILD] en esta estera/alfombra. Le daré unos juguetes. Por favor juegue con [CHILD] por 5 minutos como usted quiera.

• If the child is playing with a different toy before the recording, ask mom if she can put the toy away.
• Hand tote bag with toys to mom. Quickly point the camera at the child and mom and note the time on the viewfinder. Record for an additional 5 minutes.
• Record so that the child and mother’s entire bodies - faces, eyes, and hands - are captured. If child stands up, make sure to capture the feet. If you are in a position from which you cannot capture the full face and both eyes, position yourself to capture a profile view.
• If child and mom are separated at any point, focus camera on child.
• Use timer on camera to time engagement.
• After 5 minutes, say “Great job! We can now move on to the questionnaires.”
• If the child is still playing with the toys after 5 minutes, let the child play and continue on to the questionnaires.

FAQs about House Structured Play

3.6 Questionnaires

3.6.1 Setting up for Questionnaires

• Position yourself in front of mom, with the paperwork between you.
  
• Set up the tripod to capture both you and mom. You will need to change the battery on the camera to ensure sufficient power.
• Give mom a copy of the colored answer scales.
  
• Give mom a copy of MCDI and Rothbart so that she can follow along when needed.

3.6.2 Questionnaires

All questionnaires should be administered in the primary language of the mom.

12-month bilingual (Spanish instructions)

You will fill out all questionnaires on your computer or your tablet using the Kobotoolbox app. Here are the 8 questionnaires you will use, in the following order:

Questionnaire	When to use
Demographic Questionnaire	Before Home Visit (Over the phone with mom)
Home questions: - Language (MCDI) - Health - Temperament (Rothbart) - Locomotor Milestones - Media Use - Pets - Division of labor - Typical Day	During Home Visit (In person with mom)
Post-visit notes	After Home Visit (Experimenter alone)

You will administer all the questionnaires online using the KoBo Toolbox application. Links to all the questionnaires can be found in the tables below (please click on the icon to go to the live KoBo Toolbox questionnaires online). In case of technical issues (and to have a paper copy of all questionnaires during home visits), please download the pdf version () of the questionnaires from below. For printing, each of the above forms are bundled into sets for different age and language combinations. (Please note that presentation and format will differ from the Kobotoolbox app.)

Age	Language
Demographic questionnaire (all ages)	English   Español
Home questionnaire: 12 months	Monolingual English   Bilingual (English instructions)   Bilingüe (Instrucciones en Español)
Home questionnaire: 18 months	Monolingual English   Bilingual  (English instructions)   Bilingüe (Instrucciones en Español)
Home questionnaire: 24 months	Monolingual English   Bilingual (English instructions)   Bilingüe (Instrucciones en Español)
Post-Visit Notes (all ages)	English

3.6.3 Permission to share - signing Databrary form

• Be sure to continue video recording while signing the Databrary form.

• Say: The data that we collected today is incredibly valuable for researchers. We are asking for your permission to upload the videos to a secure online data library where only authorized researchers have access. There are two levels of permission – the first level is if you allow us to share the video with other researchers and the second level is for researchers to be able to show excerpts and images in presentations and conferences. This is a form that explains everything I just said. Because both you and [CHILD] were on the video, Please check ‘yes’ or ‘no’ for each level for yourself and for [CHILD] and sign.
      Datos como estos son increíblemente valiosos para investigadores. Le estamos pidiendo permiso para subir los videos a una biblioteca segura de datos en línea a la cual solo tienen acceso investigadores autorizados. Hay dos niveles de permisos – el primer nivel es para darnos permiso para compartir los videos con otros investigadores y el segundo nivel es para dar permiso para que investigadores puedan usar porciones o imágenes en presentaciones y conferencias. Este formulario explica todo lo que le he dicho. Ya que usted y [CHILD] están en el video, por favor marque ‘si’ o ‘no’ para cada nivel para usted y para [CHILD] y luego firme.

• When finished, give mom a moment to look over each form and sign them.

• Make sure to get mom’s signature on the appropriate fields of the Databrary release form

Video - English

Video - Spanish

FAQs about Questionnaires

3.7 Visit wrap-up

• Give mom the payment
• Ensure that mom has copies of the consent and Databrary forms
• Collect and pack all equipment and paperwork from the house
• Thank mom for letting us come to her home!

3.8 Full PLAY home visit protocol - example

Here is a video of the full PLAY home visit protocol.

NOTE: This participant was not the only child in the home, so would not meet inclusion criteria for PLAY.